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全国公投‘全国对话’ 全国多数‘全国共识'


自我对话 3 Self Conversation

全国对话据说是一条未来路,最少是将来20年要走的路。这么一条这么重要的路,当然要有全国共识来做基础,才能理直气壮地走下去。但是,什么是全国共识?

全国对话刚刚发表了委员会的名单,没有一个在野人士,一个完全否定40%在野意见,40%反对声音的全国对话,会有什么全国共识呢?

S’pore Conversation to involve thousands (海峡星期日头版头条) – 一个只涉及到数千人的全国对话,可以算是达到全国共识吗?

全国对话的网站到目前为此,也只有一个官方语言,这么一个事关将来的重要对话讨论,竟然还是走上50年来一语独大的老路,共识何在?

当然,对行动党政府,对主流媒体来说,这已经是大阵仗了。以前是一言堂,一个人说了算数,后来,又说搞集体领导,行动党内,几个高层说了就算了。现在,发展到几千人,那可就是全国共识了。

从统计学来说,几千的人样本,的确有代表性,也的确可以代表全国共识,但是,一个少了40%意见和声音的统计数据,一个单语的网站,就很难说是全国共识,具有全国的代表性了。选择性的代表,选择性的意见,选择性的媒体报道,在在都表现出全国对话的偏见。

那么,如何才算是全国共识?或者,比较接近全国共识的共识。

全民公投。

全国公投不是新鲜事,很多国家对重大事件的决策,都要依据选民的意愿,如,欧洲国家要不要加入欧元区,1963年新加坡要不要加入马来西亚等等。有些国家,如瑞士,甚至收集到足够的选民签名,就可以进行公投了。

全国对话的建议和意见,可以通过全民公投的方式,让全民参与,让所有的选民决定新加坡未来的路。这才能达到所谓的全国共识。但是,我们知道,所有的选举,都是大多数人支持就算通过。因此,只要50.1%选民支持,就算全国共识了吗?

当然,也可以把这个标准提高,让它比较接近全国共识。那就把这个标准提高到三分二的水平。只有超过三分二的选民支持,才能算是全国共识。

但是,我们都知道,行动党是不喜欢选举的,不只不喜欢,更是害怕选举。全国公投,真是难上加难!这就是行动党的民主!

但是,没有公投,又怎么知道全国对话的结果是否代表了全国人民的意见。全国对话就等同全国取得共识吗?我们要用什么标准来测量全国的大多数人支持全国对话的建议呢?

因此,全国公投,就可以选出一个指标来。当然,最好有三分二的人支持,那就比较接近全国共识,代表绝大多数的人的认可。

全国公投真的这么重要性吗?

是的,真的。全国对话谈的是未来的挑战。 1965年独立时,我们也面临很多挑战。但是,主要是“量”的挑战,如,就业,房屋,工业化,城市化,生育多等等。同样的2012年也有很多的挑战,但是,主要是“质”的挑战,如更好的生活环境条件,低生育率,人口人才,贫富等等。

当然,1965年的时代,没有公投,一路走来,不也克服了困难,成了世界最富的国家。但是,这是一党独大的选择,同时,也造就了今天“质”的挑战。

独立以来,有好多重大的政策,如果有全国公投的话,很可能结果就不一样。一路来,选民并不是对行动党的 所有政策都满意,但是,大选只能选一个比较过得去的政党,相比较之下,再加上选举制度,媒体的误导,导致行动党连连获胜。

但是,现在国人发现,这些年来的一些政策,不但不认人满意,还令人反感和反对。

在未来的20年,甚至更加早的未来,新加坡人口结构将会出现重大的变动。一个事实是,很有可能本地出生和外来人口比例将是一样,或者,接近这个比例。全国对话在这方面的建议,就有必要取得真正的全国共识,而不是,这几千人的共识。

医药,教育等的公共开支,应该占一个什么合理比例?贫富的距离又是如何合理公平的解决和国家财富的分配又如何做到公开公平?

既然事关全国人民,名义上又要全国共识,全国对话的结果和建议,如果要付诸实行,就不能不要求人民的委托和同意。如果一意孤行,像以前的经济委员会一样,呈上报告书,总理批准,就实行,那其结果将是行动党的另一个负资产,下一次大选就更难应付了。

因为,下次大选,总统选举,也将进一步从“量”上升到“质”的水平,对于选民是如此,对于候选人更是如此。表面的全国对话共识,绝对不能满足国人的要求。

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