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没有失掉铁票, 行动党在这次总统选举中可以说是固票成功


行动党的铁票到底是多少?这个问题,连行动党本身也说不准。不过,在比较了5月的国会大选和8月的总统选举后,行动党可以说是松了一口气,铁票并没有失掉, 反而上升。

政策研究院在5月大选后做了一个调查。调查显示,保守的行动党支持者,只有23.3%,而反对党支持者,却有31.3%,流离的浮动选民,则有45.5%

国会大选
Conservative
保守
Swing
流离
Pluralist
反对
2011
23.3%
45.5%
31.3%
2006
26.5%
40%
33.5%
(数据来源:政策研究院)

上述数据显示,支持行动党的保守选民和反对行动党的选民,和2006年比较,都有所减少,但是,中间的流离浮动选民却有所增加, 40% 增加到45.5%。也正好是这个浮动选民的增加,使到陈清木的得票这么的高,几乎压倒行动党的正牌陈庆炎。

总统选举的实际得票率如下:

总统选举
陈庆炎
陈清木
陈如斯
陈钦亮
2011
35.2%
34.85%
25.04%
4.91%

如果,把陈钦亮的得票也算是反对行动党的票,那么,反对行动党的票加起来,就有29.95% 25.04 + 4.91)。这是因为投选陈钦亮的选民,不太可能把票投给陈庆炎,而很可能把票投给陈如斯和陈清木。

保守行动党的铁票有增加

依据政策研究院把选民归为三类的做法,那么,我们就可以得出下面的比较数据:

大选、总统选举
保守
流离
反对
2011 国会大选
23.3%
45.5%
31.3%
2011 总统选举
35.2%
34.85%
29.95%

增加11.9%
减少10.65%
减少1.39%

这里面唯一得票率增加的是支持行动党的保守选民, 从大选的23.3%增加到总统选举的35.2%。而流离的中间选民则减少最多(10.65%),反对行动党的票也减少一些(1.39%)。

难怪,行动党露出笑容,反而没有忧愁,其中一位部长还说行动党获得选民的大力支持。

流离的中间选民投选陈清木

在大选的45.5%流离票中,11.9%流到陈庆炎的票箱中去。但是,其中的绝大部分是投给了陈清木(33.5%),因此,陈清木才获得如此高的票数34.85%。陈清木也成功的从反对票中获得1.39%的票。

这也显示,流离浮动的中间选民,最后,还是选择走中间路线的陈清木。这也显示如果要在选举中获胜,中间选民起着重要的决定性作用。陈如斯因为无法获得中间选民的支持而落选。陈庆炎因为没有获得中间选民支持而险胜。陈钦亮虽然比较接近中间,但是和陈清木相比,他在政党背景,素质,知名度,都不如陈清木,因此,得不到流离的中间选民的支持。

行动党的隐忧

上述政策研究院的调查数据是个总数的反映。如果,从趋势上来看,对行动党不利。一方面是年轻选民投反对票的意愿比较高,另一方面,教育程度高和收入高的选民也倾向于投反对票。这种趋势对行动党不利。

或许,这也就是为什么陈如斯在网上如此受到欢迎,而实际得票却相差很大的原因。因为,老年选民依然是选民结构中的大数。

但是,年轻选民的意愿会打破行动党的铁票比率。教育高的支持却使到反对党有机会获得和吸引到高素质的候选人。 这两种趋势,都对行动党的固票工作带来很大的压力。

行动党除了自立更新外,就得依靠新公民的增加,来扭转这种不利的发展和趋势。看来,外来移民的问题,行动党是不会轻易放弃的。

反对党的安慰奖

在总统选举中,行动党虽然保住35%的铁票,但是,反对党的铁票也大约还有30%左右。如果,以失掉票的幅度来说,行动党的幅度更大。

得票率
行动党
反对党
2011国会大选
60%
40%
2011总统选举
35%
30%
失掉票(%
25%
10%
失票幅度(%
41.7%
33.3%

以失掉票来说,行动党失掉25%,流到中间去,而幅度高达41.7%。反对党也失掉10% 幅度也有33.3% 两相比较,行动党的失票幅度更为严重。这可以不可以说是反对党的安慰奖呢?当然,这个算法,也未必正确。

到底流离浮动选民的比率是多少?45% 还是35%

政策研究院的调查说是45.5%,而根据总统选举的实际投票率看来,有可能是34.85%。这两个比率都很可能是对的。因为,能不能够吸引流离的中间选民的票,在很大程度上取决于候选人的素质和背景。

下文再论这个课题。


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