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从意大利‘五星运动’,看鸡肋预算案能否带来真改变?


新加坡2013年预算案出来了,它看起来像鸡肋,主流媒体说好,一些民众也说对自己有利,但是,它到底有没有做出改变呢?行动党会踏出彻底改变这一步吗?

意大利五星运动不是五星红旗的革命,因此,没有人命伤亡。由于选举采用比例制度,因此,得到多少选票,就能按比例获得参众两院的议席。五星在意大利众议院获得25.5%而在参议院获得23.79%的选票#1。因此,五星这个在国会中获得四分之一议席的政党,就成了造王者了。


而这个造王者却选择不跟他党合作。五星领袖意大利前喜剧演员格里洛(Beppe Grillo)在接受英国广播公司访问时,反对和任何政党组成内阁,并且希望一年内再次举行大选。这在我们看来不是疯了吗?竟然没有把国家的利益放在政党诉求之上?

五星的诉求是要彻底的改变意大利,并且把意大利目前的乱局归咎于所有曾经治理过意大利的政党。中间偏左,中间偏右,甚至过渡的中间技术非民选政府都是国家的罪人。过去几十年来,意大利的落后,经济政治社会的不振,都是这些政党的错。

因此,只有完全的否决他们,意大利才有希望。在一定程度上,意大利选民也认可这个诉求。五星是一个新政党,200910月才成立,而且他的主要宣传手法就是依靠网际网络。#1

我国鸡肋预算案是真改变吗?

意大利政局当然和我们没有太大的关系。但是,五星的讲究改变,在某一程度上,和我们有些相似。行动党推出全国对话,人口白皮书,2013以及未来几年的预算案,选民就要考虑这些政策,做法,是否是真的改变,还是和从前一样,只做调整,没有真正的改变?

像这种几十年来都一样的鸡肋预算案,哪里有漏洞就补哪里的做法,选民已经越来越觉得不可以忍受了。生活费上升,政府就替你交几个月的组屋月费,低收入家庭女佣税减少,豪车豪宅加税,还有公积金保健金补贴,政府协助雇员加薪,。。。等等,是一种改变吗?

还是要以鸡肋为诱惑,希望选民左右为难,看在一点好处的份上,继续投票给行动党?

新加坡选民不管理智还是不理智,已经越来越难获得满足了。因此,认可五星运动,完全否定过去的政府贡献,好的坏的,全部都算在行动党身上,是有可能发生的。尤其是,看不到行动党真心改变的诚意。

事实上,当我们回看五星的诉求时,似乎又有一些相似。五星其实就是指五种运动课题:

公共水源,持续提升(机会),发展,联系和环保。 
The "five stars" in the name is a reference to five issues championed by the movement: public water, sustainable mobility, development, connectivity, and environmentalism. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Star_Movement#Italian_Parliament

如果对这五个课题还不清楚的话,那么,看看它的2013年竞选宣言,其中一些建议,看起来就很‘新加坡’。比如:公共代表(议员)要强制性接受宪法教育和考试;公共代表只能担任两任;取消公共代表的特权(如只提供两年的养老金);议员任期内不可以兼职;议员薪金和平均薪金挂沟;公民通过网际网络参与公共会议;不可同时担任议员和市长;全民公投没有最低人数的限制。。。等等。#2

这些竞选宣言,在我们看来的确有些极端,不过,这也显示出五星运动和其支持者对意大利当前的政局如何的不满。因此,才在民主选举的机制下,要求选民的支持,要意大利在政治经济社会等方面做出彻底的改变。

那么,新加坡会不会走到这一步。50多年来,新加坡是一党独大,是鬼是人都是行动党,没有替代政府出现过。如果真的有类似五星运动出现,行动党将首当其冲,所有的怨气,所有的罪状,都将由行动党来承担,因此,行动党何去何从将可能出现一个预想不到的结局。

新加坡没有比例代表制,胜一票就是赢,这反而对行动党不利,因为,30-40%的铁票,如果在意大利还是第一大党,在新加坡就是全盘皆输。

这种情形有可能吗?那就要看有多少选民认可行动党的鸡肋了。如果有很多人认为鸡肋就是鸡腿,行动党就有希望。如果,很多人认为鸡肋就是要选民啃苦头,那行动党就没戏了。下回再谈为何鸡肋会变成苦头。

#1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Star_Movement#Italian_Parliament

#2
Abolition of the provinces
Abolition of electoral refunds
Amalgamation of municipalities under 5,000 residents
Compulsory teaching of and examinations on the Constitutionfor all public representatives
Two term limit for each public representatives
Abolition of privileges for public representatives (for example: pension after only two years)
Prohibit parliamentarians from working in other professions during their terms
Salary of parliamentarians aligned to the average salary
Prevention of overlapping of offices for MPs (for example, one could not be both a mayor and an MP)
Ineligibility of convicted criminals for public office
Direct participation in any public meeting by citizens via the web
Introduction of a true class action
Abrogative and propositive Referendum without quorum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Star_Movement#Italian_Parliament

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