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后李时代的权威挑战和宪法挣扎


李光耀又再一次入院出院了,有人欢喜有人愁 ,有人害怕有人认为机会来了。 无论如何,新加坡将进入一个不同的权威时代,不同诠释宪法的时代,更是一个考验我们道德勇气的时代。

建国以来的强权权威,一党独大的优势,将面对透明度的挑战,公开化的要求,过去的行事作风将面临改变。怎么个改法,行动党要如何顺应民意?人民的要求又是什么?现在只是开始,还在启蒙,还在酝酿中,底牌还未打开。

更加严格的检测政府组织

或许,我们从最近的几条新闻来看看,行动党和民意的误差有多大:

【陈清木接受道歉又公开 林瑞生表惊讶】(news.omy.sg
在行动党看来既然大家私下解决了误会,就可以向以前那样,把不要见光的新闻掩盖起来。因此,林瑞生表惊讶, 他是怪陈清木公开消息,还是惊讶自己连这样小的事情都摆不平。为何不能像从前那样喜欢封闭消息就封闭呢?

Dr Koh heats up air-con debate(mypaper.sg)
徐宝琨在讨论学校的冷气问题时,认为我们不应该为了追求公平,而导致上面(有钱有能力)的人利益受损。事实上,他的说法是延续李光耀的冷气论,你有能力又负担的起,就尽管开冷气吧!但是,世界已经进入节能时代,资本主义的发展已经大大加大贫富距离,如果我们只是考虑到老子有钱,像从前那样爱怎么花,就怎么花,而不考虑温室效应,而不考虑社会价值,那人类的将来将是一个未知数。除非徐宝琨有钱到能够移民外星。行动党还有多少没有认清政治现实的候选人?
这只是两则比较小的新闻,2011年大选过后,人民对政府的公信力,起了更大的怀疑,对政府的行政组织能力效率也更加不满。地铁,小印度,外汇储备,公积金,医药卫生,组屋等等,人民都有更加严格的要求。这使到过去利用强权建立起来的威信,可信度面对很大的挑战,总之,不论这些挑战是有理还是无理,行动党政府都要小心处理,处理的不好,民意支持度就会再次下降。

事实上,马炎成已经承认行动党只得60分,而一个只有60分的党,却要霸占90%以上的国会议席,怎么可能不面对更加严格的挑战呢!所以,要维持过去那样的绝对国会优势,政府的绝对威权,国家组织的威信,将是一个很大的挑战,而挑战也变得防不胜防了。你如何确保地铁不停车,如何确保没有罢工,没有暴动,失业不增加,贪污舞弊不发生。

不论将来谁做政府,新加坡如果要继续前进就只有更加的透明,更为公开,把事实说清楚,才能赢得人民的信任,重新获得国家组织机构应有的权威。行动党必须承认无知,承认不是天下第一。样样事情都能,都会,已经是行动党的过去式了。因为没有强权,没有强人,行动党也将也不可能霸道到不会的,做错的,都说成对的,有理的。

缺少了强权政治,新加坡的国家机器和政府组织,将如何维持威信,如何获得人民的支持和信任,这不只是行动党,反对党的挑战,更加是国人的挑战。这些组织又如何摆脱行动党的强权阴影,独立透明公开的行使宪法赋予的任务?

更加合理的诠释宪法精神

我国的宪法是从英国殖民地那里延续下来的。在过去几十年强权政治下,在一党独大的国会里,宪法的修改是很容易的一件事。好的对行动党有利的就保留下来,并且发扬光大,例如,内安法,原本用来对付恐怖分子,当然也可以延伸到对付政敌。好些在行动党看来不完善,在法庭上有可能对政府不利的法律法令,也可以加以修改,不管有没有违背宪法精神,违背人权,总之,国会里行动党有超过三分二议席,没有人能够阻止强权政治通过它想要通过的法案。

因此,有一段日子,你可以看到国外的报纸出版物在超市里面卖,而不用给对方版权费。当然,修改选举制度,随意划分选区,更是强权政治的象征。但是,不论怎么改,只要一人一票,随着选民认知的提高,这个修改后的宪法还是要面对竞争,还是要挣扎以适应环境和选民的要求。

过去一两年,我们看到更多的人要求法庭诠释宪法的精神,法律法令的真正内涵,意义。同性恋,内安法,犯人的法律权利保障,甚至后港应该不应该补选,都要通过法庭来诠释。

Singapore's youngest MP grows up】(mypaper.sg

新加坡最年轻的的议员长大了。是谁利用纳税人的钱帮助行动党的陈佩玲长大的?是谁利用选举制度的漏洞把国会当成培训中心?是谁喜欢让谁培训就让谁培训?

当然,行动党当初修改选举制度时,一定以为是包吃的榴莲,就像陈佩玲那样,要让她有培训机会,就制造一个集选区让她上场。偏偏这个榴莲没有包吃,这个制度使到行动党资深议员落选,国家失去了经历老练的领袖。

这几乎和国家的宪法精神背道而驰。选举制度就是要选出最好的人才,或者最愿意为人民服务的议员。集选区制度并没有做到这点,反而成了行动党的所谓‘议员培训制度’。

同样的,总统选举制度,也未必能够确保行动党认可的候选人中选。因为,人民要选出一个符合宪法意义的人民总统,而不是一个行动党色彩的总统。这个挣扎在2011总统选举中特别明显。这点倒是人民的眼光比行动党看得远,国人读懂宪法,而要还原总统选举的制衡作用。


强权政治的结果出现了国家机器的威严,权威受到挑战,国人对这些组织有新的要求,并且更加勇于提出质疑,它们的独立性,透明度,公开度。与此同时,教育程度的提高,网际网络,社交媒体的普遍性,国人对宪法精神也有更深的认识和多方面的讨论。这对提升新加坡有所帮助,但对行动党来说,失去强权政治,未来的路将更加困难,甚至是一条不归路,霸气已失,民意不在,路何在?

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